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Dermatoloogia ja intiimtervis

Suguhaiguste testimine ja ravi

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) require prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.

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Dr. C. Muñoz Parada

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STD Testing & Treatments

Understanding STD Testing & Treatment

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Many STDs have mild or no symptoms, making regular testing essential for early detection and treatment.

Without timely treatment, STDs can lead to serious health complications, including infertility, chronic pain, and increased susceptibility to other infections. Fortunately, effective treatments are available for most STDs, ranging from antibiotics to antiviral medications. Routine screening not only protects individual health but also prevents the further spread of infections.

Who Should Get Tested for STDs?

STD testing is recommended for:

  • Sexually active individuals, especially those with multiple partners.
  • People engaging in unprotected sex (without condoms or dental dams).
  • Anyone experiencing symptoms like unusual discharge, pain, or sores.
  • Pregnant women, as some STDs can affect newborns.
  • Individuals who have had an STD before, as reinfection is possible.
  • Those with a partner diagnosed with an STD.
  • People undergoing routine health check-ups, especially those at higher risk.

Common STD Tests & Diagnoses

STD testing depends on the infection being screened for. Common testing methods include:

  • Urine Tests: Used to detect bacterial infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea.
  • Swab Tests: Collects samples from the throat, genital area, or rectum to check for bacterial or viral infections.
  • Blood Tests: Detect viral infections such as herpes, syphilis, and HIV.
  • Physical Examination: Used to diagnose genital warts and herpes through visible symptoms.
  • Home Testing Kits: Convenient for testing certain STDs.

Common STDs & Their Treatments

STDs are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, each requiring different treatment approaches. Below are the most common STDs and their available treatments.

Klamüüdia

Klamüüdia is a bacterial infection that often causes no symptoms but can lead to serious reproductive issues if untreated. It is treated with antibiotics such as:

  • Azithromycin (single-dose treatment).
  • Doxycycline (7-day course).

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is another bacterial STD that can cause painful urination and abnormal discharge. It is commonly treated with:

  • Ceftriaxone (single injection).
  • Azithromycin or Doxycycline, if needed for co-infections.

Trikhomoniaas

Trikhomoniaas is a parasitic infection that affects both men and women, though symptoms are more common in women. Treatment includes:

  • Metronidazole (Flagyl).
  • Tinidazole, an alternative treatment option.

Genital Warts (HPV)

Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). While there is no cure for HPV, the warts can be treated with:

  • Topical treatments like Imiquimod (Aldara) or Podophyllotoxin (Warticon).
  • Cryotherapy or laser therapy for stubborn warts.
  • HPV vaccination (Gardasil 9) for prevention.

Herpes (HSV-1 & HSV-2)

Herpes is a viral infection that causes outbreaks of painful sores. While it cannot be cured, antiviral medications help manage symptoms and reduce outbreaks:

  • Aciclovir (Acyclovir).
  • Valaciclovir (Valtrex).
  • Suppressive therapy for frequent outbreaks.

Kandidoos

Candida (yeast infections), while not always sexually transmitted, can develop after sexual activity. Symptoms include itching, discharge, and irritation. Treatments include:

  • Fluconazole (Diflucan) (oral antifungal treatment).
  • Clotrimazole or Miconazole (topical antifungal creams).

STDs can cause different symptoms depending on the type of infection. In many cases, there are no signs at all, which is why regular testing is essential. Common symptoms include:

  • Unusual vaginal or penile discharge (clear, yellow, green, or cloudy).
  • Burning or pain during urination.
  • Itching, redness, or irritation in the genital area.
  • Sores, blisters, or warts on or around the genitals, mouth, or anus.
  • Pain during sexual intercourse
  • Lower abdominal or pelvic pain (especially in women).
  • Swelling or tenderness in the groin or testicles
  • Flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, or body aches (common in viral infections).

Before and during STD testing and treatment, keep the following in mind:

  • Early detection prevents long-term complications like infertility or chronic pelvic pain.
  • Reinfection is common, ensure both you and your partner(s) complete treatment.
  • Always use protection (condoms or dental dams) to reduce transmission risk.
  • Inform recent partners so they can get tested and treated too.
  • Follow the full medication course even if symptoms improve early.
  • Combine testing for multiple infections (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV) for complete safety.
  • Regular check-ups are recommended if you’re sexually active, especially with new or multiple partners.

Korduma kippuvad küsimused

Get answers to common questions about STD Testing & Treatments

Sexually active individuals should get tested at least once a year, or more frequently if they have new or multiple partners.
Bacterial STDs like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis are curable with antibiotics. Viral STDs like herpes and HPV require ongoing management.
Yes, informing partners ensures they can also get tested and treated, reducing further transmission.
While condoms significantly reduce the risk, they are not 100% effective, as some STDs spread through skin-to-skin contact.
Yes, many STD treatments are available online after a quick consultation. Trusted online providers offer discreet and effective treatments, ensuring fast access to the right medication.
Yes, many STDs have no noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages. Regular testing is the only way to know for sure.
Testing windows vary depending on the STD. Some infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea can be detected within a few days, while others like HIV or syphilis may take a few weeks to show up in tests.

Scientific Sources